A Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Reality Therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in adolescents

Background: The non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral problems of adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant (ODD) are great interest to researchers. Objectives: This study aimed examine the efficacy group reality therapy in symptoms ADHD ODD. Methods: Forty patients ODD between 12 18 years were randomly assigned two groups. intervention participated five 120-minute sessions, once a week. control enrolled unstructured sessions without intervention. Conners Parent Short Form questionnaire, Strengths Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS-21) performed at baseline, sixth week, tenth week follow-up. Results: test showed statistically significant difference (P = 0.005), conduct < 0.001), total score 0.001) as well 0.008) SDQ analyzed based on partial Eta squared test, indicated effect size was 81% 27%. Moreover, DASS improvement scores 0.001). Conclusions: Group is effective disruptive behaviors emotional